قواعد إنجليزي للصف الثاني عشر الفصل الأول وفق منهج دولة الكويت، مرتبةً حسب الوحدات: كل قاعدة بصيغتها وشرحها وأمثلة من المنهج، ولكل وحدة تدريبات في مذكرة الصفوة الإلكترونية (انجليزي). ويناسب من يبحث عن «قواعد انجليزي للصف الثاني عشر الفصل الاول».
Unit 1: The Law
Grammar — القواعد
Present Perfect Simple (المضارع التام البسيط)
يُستخدم لحدث وقع في الماضي في وقت غير محدد وله أثر في الحاضر، أو بدأ في الماضي وما زال مستمرًا.
- have / has + V3 حدث في الماضي وله أثر في الحاضر
- haven't / hasn't + V3 النفي
- Have / Has + subject + V3 ? السؤال
- he / she / it + has has مع المفرد الغائب
- since + point in time منذ (بداية الحدث)
- for + period of time لمدة
- just · already · yet · ever · never · recently · so far الكلمات الدالة
- I have just written the essay.
- I haven't written an article yet.
- Have you ever been to Spain?
- She has called the company recently.
- Our company hasn't updated the system since I started working here.
- I have studied Spanish for 5 years.
- We have met recently.
Present Perfect Continuous (المضارع التام المستمر)
يُستخدم لحدث بدأ في الماضي واستمر حتى الآن، مع التركيز على مدة الحدث.
- have / has + been + V-ing حدث بدأ في الماضي ومستمر حتى الآن
- haven't / hasn't + been + V-ing النفي
- for + period of time التركيز على مدة الحدث
- since + point in time منذ
- I have been studying all day.
- I haven't been studying all day.
- I have been waiting for you for five hours.
- We have been playing football since we were 8 years old.
Comparative & Contrastive Connectors (أدوات المقارنة والتضاد)
تربط بين فكرتين متضادتين أو متقابلتين، والأداة تُختار حسب ما يأتي بعدها.
- whereas + sentence بينما
- although / even though + sentence على الرغم من أن
- in spite of the fact that + sentence على الرغم من أن
- despite / in spite of + noun / V-ing على الرغم من
- instead of + noun / V-ing بدلًا من
- in comparison with + noun بالمقارنة مع
- yet / but + sentence لكن
- However, / On the other hand, ومع ذلك / من ناحية أخرى (أول الجملة)
- Your workplace is noisy, whereas mine is nice and quiet.
- Although schools were closed, teachers continued working.
- He works hard in spite of the fact that no one appreciates his work.
- Despite being wrong, I will still do it my way.
- Instead of watching TV, I will do my homework.
- In comparison with iPads, computers have bigger screens.
- She has knowledge, yet she doesn't share it.
- My brother is very talented. However, he hates performing in front of people.
Question Tags (السؤال المذيل)
سؤال قصير في آخر الجملة للتأكيد، بالفعل المساعد نفسه وضمير الفاعل.
- positive sentence → negative tag جملة مثبتة ← ذيل منفي
- negative sentence → positive tag جملة منفية ← ذيل مثبت
- no helping verb → do / does / did إذا لم يوجد فعل مساعد
- I am … → aren't I? حالة خاصة
- Let's … → shall we? حالة خاصة
- imperative → will you? جملة الأمر
- You'd better … → hadn't you? حالة خاصة
- She is a teacher, isn't she?
- My mother hasn't arrived, has she?
- You played football when you were little, didn't you?
- I am expelled from the institute, aren't I?
- Let's go shopping, shall we?
- Close the door, will you?
- You'd better leave, hadn't you?
Passive Voice (المبني للمجهول)
المفعول به يصبح فاعلًا، ونضع be بزمن الجملة الأصلية ثم التصريف الثالث.
- am / is / are + V3 المضارع البسيط
- was / were + V3 الماضي البسيط
- am / is / are + being + V3 المضارع المستمر
- was / were + being + V3 الماضي المستمر
- have / has + been + V3 المضارع التام
- had + been + V3 الماضي التام
- will + be + V3 المستقبل
- can / must / have to + be + V3 الأفعال الناقصة
- Tennis is played here every Thursday.
- Dinner was served around 9 PM by my sister.
- The data is being processed by the computer.
- The crime scene was being investigated by the police.
- 20 invitation cards have been written for everyone.
- The match had been started before I arrived.
- The reports will be prepared for the manager.
- 20 pages can be typed very fast without stopping.
If Conditionals (جمل الشرط)
جملة الشرط من جزأين، ولكل نوع زمن ثابت في الجزأين.
- Zero: If + present → present حقائق علمية وعامة
- 1st: If + present → will + V1 شرط ممكن في المستقبل
- 2nd: If + past → would + V1 شرط غير واقعي في الحاضر
- 3rd: If + had + V3 → would have + V3 شرط مستحيل في الماضي
- If you heat water, it boils.
- If the teacher comes, I will talk to her.
- If we paid attention, we would understand the lesson.
- If she had written her homework, she wouldn't have been punished.
Unit 2: Migration
Grammar — القواعد
Past Perfect (الماضي التام)
يُستخدم للحدث الأسبق من حدثين في الماضي، والحدث اللاحق بالماضي البسيط.
- had + V3 الحدث الأسبق من حدثين في الماضي
- by the time + past simple عندما (بحلول الوقت الذي)
- once / as soon as / after + had + V3 بمجرد أن / بعد أن
- by + time بحلول
- Before she went shopping, she had written her report.
- By the time I arrived, the match had started.
- Once my father had fixed the fridge, we placed the food back in.
- By 2 o'clock last night, I had finished my homework.
No sooner / Hardly / Scarcely (التقديم مع الماضي التام)
للتعبير عن حدث وقع مباشرة بعد حدث آخر، مع تقديم had على الفاعل.
- No sooner had + subject + V3 … than ما إن … حتى
- Hardly had + subject + V3 … when ما كاد … حتى
- Scarcely had + subject + V3 … when ما كاد … حتى
- No sooner had I finished my lunch than the doorbell rang.
- Hardly had they arrived when they went to bed.
- Scarcely had the teacher got into our classroom when he began the new lesson.
Prefixes & Suffixes (البادئات واللواحق)
البادئة تغيّر معنى الكلمة، واللاحقة تغيّر نوعها.
- un- · im- · il- · dis- تعطي عكس المعنى
- mis- بشكل خاطئ
- -ly تكوّن ظرفًا
- -ment · -ion · -age تكوّن اسمًا
- Parking here is illegal.
- Do not misuse your phone in class.
- Wait patiently for your turn.
- Good communication solves many problems.
Question Formation (تكوين السؤال)
أداة الاستفهام، ثم الفعل المساعد، ثم الفاعل، ثم الفعل الأساسي.
- Wh- + helping verb + subject + verb ترتيب كلمات السؤال
- Wh- + did + subject + V1 إذا لم يوجد فعل مساعد (الماضي)
- Wh- + does + subject + V1 إذا لم يوجد فعل مساعد (المضارع مع المفرد)
- Wh- + am / is / are + subject + V-ing مع المضارع المستمر
- Since when / How long + have / has + subject + V3 منذ متى / كم من الوقت
- What will my teacher explain?
- Where did your parents buy a new house?
- Why does your father walk in the neighbourhood?
- What are you doing right now?
- Since when has the government set laws to solve this problem?
Unit 3: Human Values
Grammar — القواعد
Unless (ما لم)
unless تعني if not، وتأخذ قواعد جمل الشرط نفسها.
- unless = if not ما لم / إلا إذا
- Unless + past → would + V1 مع الشرط الثاني
- If + past → would + V1 مراجعة جمل الشرط (الوحدة 1)
- You will be late for work unless you get dressed now.
- Unless you felt guilty, you wouldn't try to make it up to her.
- There would be fewer conflicts if people spoke about their differences.
Adjectives & Adverbs (الصفات والظروف)
الصفة تصف الاسم، والظرف يصف الفعل وغالبًا يكون صفة + ly.
- adjective + noun الصفة تصف الاسم
- verb + adverb (adjective + ly) الظرف يصف الفعل
- look / be + adjective الصفة بعد look و be
- good → well ظرف شاذ
- hard · fast · late الظرف مثل الصفة
- The brave soldier defends his country.
- The soldier defends his country bravely.
- The girl looked so strange.
- My friend speaks English well.
- My father works hard.
Unit 4: The Earth at Risk
Grammar — القواعد
Subordinate Clauses (جمل الغرض والسبب والنتيجة)
أدوات تربط الجمل لتوضيح الغرض أو السبب أو النتيجة، والأداة تُختار حسب ما يأتي بعدها.
- in order to / so as to / to + V1 لكي (الغرض)
- so that / in order that + can / could لكي (الغرض)
- because / since / as + sentence لأن (السبب)
- because of / due to + noun بسبب
- with the result that + sentence مما أدى إلى (النتيجة)
- lead(s) to + noun / V-ing يؤدي إلى
- the cause of / the result of + noun / V-ing سبب / نتيجة
- Mona stayed in the classroom in order to talk to the teacher.
- My parents are saving money so that they can buy a nice house.
- My father didn't go to the supermarket because he was ill.
- We couldn't go fishing because of the bad weather.
- They wasted time playing with the result that they didn't have time to prepare for the test.
- Studying hard leads to success.
- Success is the result of studying hard.
Prefixes (البادئات)
بادئات تُضاف أول الكلمة فتغيّر معناها.
- re- مرة أخرى
- mis- بشكل خاطئ
- under- أقل من اللازم
- Please rewrite this paragraph.
- I always misplace my keys.
- Many students underachieve because of stress.
Relative Clauses (الضمائر الموصولة)
تربط جملتين بضمير موصول يصف الاسم الذي قبله.
- who للعاقل
- whom للعاقل في حالة المفعول به
- whose للملكية
- which / that لغير العاقل
- where للمكان
- when للزمان
- The man who plays the piano is rich.
- The teacher whom I like is very good.
- The man, whose paintings were sold, is a famous artist.
- The story which my sister told is sad.
- The coffee shop where I study is quiet.
- I remember the time when I met that famous singer.
Unit 5: Precious Resources
Grammar — القواعد
Expressing Wishes (التعبير عن الأمنيات)
الفعل بعد I wish يرجع خطوة للخلف في الزمن.
- wish + past simple أمنية في الحاضر
- wish + past perfect ندم على الماضي
- wish + would + V1 انتقاد سلوك شخص
- wish + could + V1 أمنية القدرة
- wish + were were مع كل الضمائر
- I wish I knew how to play the piano.
- I wish I had left home early.
- I wish he would stop doing that.
- I wish I could spend my free time on something productive.
- My sister wishes she were a writer.
If Only (ليت)
لها قواعد I wish نفسها، لكنها أقوى في التعبير عن الأمنية أو الندم.
- If only + past perfect ندم على الماضي
- If only + past simple أمنية في الحاضر
- If only + could + V1 أمنية القدرة
- If only I had known about the noise before I booked the hotel.
- If only I knew more people.
- If only I could sleep at night.
as … as (المساواة)
للمقارنة بين شيئين متساويين في صفة واحدة.
- as + adjective + as مثل (في الصفة نفسها)
- not as + adjective + as ليس مثل (نفي المساواة)
- as + adjective + as مثل (في الصفة نفسها)
- Physics is as difficult as chemistry.
- Physics is not as difficult as chemistry.
- A policeman should be as trustworthy as a judge.
Unit 6: Under Threat
Grammar — القواعد
Modals of Deduction (أفعال الاستنتاج)
للاستنتاج من دليل أمامنا: في الحاضر بالمصدر، وفي الماضي بـ have + V3.
- must + V1 متأكد أنه صحيح (الحاضر)
- might + V1 ممكن (الحاضر)
- can't + V1 متأكد أنه غير صحيح (الحاضر)
- must have + V3 متأكد أنه صحيح (الماضي)
- might have + V3 ممكن (الماضي)
- can't have + V3 متأكد أنه غير صحيح (الماضي)
- She works at the best company. She must be really smart.
- My friend looks tired. She might need a doctor.
- He is so bad with numbers. He can't be an accountant.
- She stayed at the hospital for a month. She must have been really ill.
- My mother looks so sad. She might have received some bad news.
- She can't have taken her pills. The medicine is still sealed.
Modal Verbs of Ability (أفعال القدرة)
للتعبير عن القدرة في الأزمنة المختلفة.
- can / can't القدرة في الحاضر
- could / couldn't القدرة في الماضي
- managed to + V1 نجح في موقف محدد في الماضي
- will be able to + V1 القدرة في المستقبل
- have / has been able to + V1 القدرة في المضارع التام
- I can hold my breath for 3 minutes.
- I could swim faster in the past.
- I managed to solve that question after 10 minutes of research.
- I will be able to solve this question if I do some research.
- We have been able to break into the house to save those children.
Passive Voice (مراجعة المبني للمجهول)
مراجعة لقاعدة المبني للمجهول، وجدولها كاملًا في الوحدة الأولى.
- Many tasks were completed without anyone's help.
- The reports will be prepared for the manager.
Prepositions (حروف الجر)
أشهر حروف الجر في المنهج واستخدامها.
- at + time / place وقت محدد ومكان محدد
- in + month / year / inside الشهر والسنة وداخل المكان
- on + day / date / surface اليوم والتاريخ والسطح
- by + means of transport وسيلة النقل
- for + period of time المدة
- through عبر
- during أثناء
- depend on · proud of · famous for · suffer from حروف جر ثابتة بعد كلمات معينة
- Let's meet up at 2 o'clock.
- She graduated from school in 2015.
- I will visit my uncle on Sunday.
- Travelling by train is fun.
- He stood outside the restaurant for one hour.
- The train went through the tunnel.
- Do not leave your home during the storm.
- Some students suffer from stress during exams.
Linking Words (أدوات الربط)
أدوات تربط الأفكار، وتُصنَّف حسب وظيفتها.
- and · too · as well as الإضافة
- because · since · because of السبب
- for example · for instance · namely المثال
- however · nevertheless · whereas التضاد
- similarly · likewise · just like التشابه
- as a result · therefore · consequently النتيجة
- undoubtedly · obviously · indeed التأكيد
- firstly · finally · in conclusion الترتيب
- She speaks English as well as French.
- We couldn't go fishing because of the bad weather.
- We can save water, for example, by fixing leaks.
- Ahmad was in the office. However, I am not sure if he broke the safe.
- Water is precious. Likewise, electricity must be saved.
- He studied hard. As a result, he passed the exam.
- Undoubtedly, laws protect our society.
- In conclusion, we should all respect the law.
Conjunctions (أدوات العطف)
أدوات تعطف الكلمات والجمل.
- for · and · nor · but · or · yet · so أدوات العطف (FANBOYS)
- not only … but also ليس فقط … بل أيضًا
- both … and كلٌّ من … و
- either … or إما … أو
- neither … nor لا … ولا
- whenever · when · as soon as أدوات الزمن
- The internet connection was poor, but I watched the movie without being disconnected.
- He is not only intelligent, but also very funny.
- She is both intelligent and beautiful.
- I will either go for a hike or stay home and watch TV.
- Jerry is neither rich nor famous.
- Sara begins to sneeze whenever she opens the window.
Irregular Verbs (V1 – V2 – V3) (الأفعال الشاذة)
أهم الأفعال الشاذة بتصريفاتها الثلاثة ومعناها.
- be – was / were – been يكون
- become – became – become يصبح
- begin – began – begun يبدأ
- beat – beat – beaten يهزم / يضرب
- bend – bent – bent يثني
- bite – bit – bitten يعض
- blow – blew – blown ينفخ / تهب
- bleed – bled – bled ينزف
- break – broke – broken يكسر
- bring – brought – brought يُحضر
- broadcast – broadcast – broadcast يبث
- buy – bought – bought يشتري
- build – built – built يبني
- burn – burnt – burnt يحرق
- catch – caught – caught يمسك
- choose – chose – chosen يختار
- come – came – come يأتي
- cost – cost – cost يكلّف
- cut – cut – cut يقطع
- do – did – done يفعل
- have – had – had يملك
- draw – drew – drawn يرسم
- dream – dreamt – dreamt يحلم
- drink – drank – drunk يشرب
- drive – drove – driven يقود
- dig – dug – dug يحفر
- eat – ate – eaten يأكل
- fall – fell – fallen يسقط
- feel – felt – felt يشعر
- flee – fled – fled يهرب
- feed – fed – fed يُطعم
- fight – fought – fought يقاتل
- find – found – found يجد
- fly – flew – flown يطير
- forget – forgot – forgotten ينسى
- get – got – got يحصل على
- forgive – forgave – forgiven يسامح
- freeze – froze – frozen يتجمد
- go – went – gone يذهب
- give – gave – given يعطي
- grow – grew – grown ينمو
- hang – hung – hung يعلّق
- hear – heard – heard يسمع
- hide – hid – hidden يخفي
- hit – hit – hit يضرب
- hold – held – held يمسك
- hurt – hurt – hurt يؤذي
- keep – kept – kept يحتفظ
- know – knew – known يعرف
- learn – learnt – learnt يتعلم
- leave – left – left يغادر
- lend – lent – lent يُقرض
- let – let – let يسمح
- lay – laid – laid يضع
- lie (on a bed) – lay – lain يستلقي
- lie (not tell the truth) – lied – lied يكذب
- light – lit – lit يُشعل
- lose – lost – lost يفقد
- make – made – made يصنع
- mean – meant – meant يعني
- meet – met – met يقابل
- pay – paid – paid يدفع
- put – put – put يضع
- quit – quit – quit يترك / يستقيل
- read – read – read يقرأ
- ride – rode – ridden يركب
- ring – rang – rung يرن
- rise – rose – risen يرتفع
- run – ran – run يجري
- say – said – said يقول
- see – saw – seen يرى
- sell – sold – sold يبيع
- send – sent – sent يرسل
- set – set – set يضع / يحدد
- sew – sewed – sewn يخيط
- shake – shook – shaken يهز
- shine – shone – shone يلمع / تشرق
- show – showed – shown يعرض
- shut – shut – shut يغلق
- sing – sang – sung يغني
- sink – sank – sunk يغرق
- sit – sat – sat يجلس
- sleep – slept – slept ينام
- speak – spoke – spoken يتحدث
- spend – spent – spent يقضي / ينفق
- spread – spread – spread ينتشر
- stand – stood – stood يقف
- understand – understood – understood يفهم
- steal – stole – stolen يسرق
- stick – stuck – stuck يلصق
- sting – stung – stung يلدغ
- strike – struck – struck يضرب
- swim – swam – swum يسبح
- swing – swung – swung يتأرجح
- take – took – taken يأخذ
- teach – taught – taught يعلّم
- tell – told – told يخبر
- tear – tore – torn يمزق
- think – thought – thought يفكر
- throw – threw – thrown يرمي
- wake up – woke up – woken up يستيقظ
- wear – wore – worn يرتدي
- write – wrote – written يكتب
- win – won – won يفوز
أخطاء شائعة في قواعد الإنجليزي للصف الثاني عشر
- استخدام التصريف الثاني بعد have في المضارع التام، والصحيح التصريف الثالث: I have just written the essay.
- استخدام الماضي البسيط مع yet، والصحيح المضارع التام: I haven't submitted the report yet.
- استخدام despite of، والصحيح in spite of the fact that مع الجملة: In spite of the fact that schools were closed, teachers continued working.
- استخدام when بعد No sooner، والصحيح than: No sooner had I bought a ticket than I travelled.
- استخدام will بعد if في الشرط الأول، والصحيح المضارع البسيط: If we practice hard, we will win the game.
- استخدام which للمكان، والصحيح where: This is the restaurant where we met.
- استخدام hardly بمعنى «بجد»، والصحيح hard: My father works hard.
وإذا كنت تحتاج إلى من يتابع معك مراجعة المنهج خطوة بخطوة، يمكنك التواصل مع أرقام مدرسين انجليزي في الكويت أو مدرسة انجليزي خصوصية.
أسئلة شائعة عن قواعد الإنجليزي للصف الثاني عشر الفصل الأول
ما الفرق بين since و for؟
نستخدم since مع بداية الحدث مثل since 2005، ونستخدم for مع المدة مثل for 5 years.
ما الفرق بين No sooner و Hardly؟
المعنى واحد، لكن No sooner يأتي معها than، وHardly وScarcely يأتي معهما when.
ماذا يأتي بعد despite؟
اسم أو فعل مضاف إليه ing، مثل: Despite being wrong, I will still do it my way.
كم وحدة في الفصل الأول؟
ست وحدات:
- The Law (القانون)
- Migration (الهجرة)
- Human Values (القيم الإنسانية)
- The Earth at Risk (الأرض في خطر)
- Precious Resources (الموارد الثمينة)
- Under Threat (تحت التهديد)
مقالات ذات صلة
◀ تصفّح كل ملفات اللغة الانجليزية — الصف الثاني عشر — الفصل الأول
